Tenses
General Information about verbs and tenses
What a verb is and what it does?
1- Verbs
are used to express distinctions in time (past, present, or future) of
action or state.
A.
Action
Examples:
-
Piseth watches TV. (present time)
-
Ravy played football. (past time)
- The plane leaves at
5:30. (future time) [for more detail see present simple]
B. State
Examples:
-
She seems kind. (present time)
-
Mr.
Navey had two dogs. (past time)
-
Lyty wants me go to study. (future time)
[see present simple]
2- Auxiliary verbs are used with full verbs to give
other information about action and states.
- Modal pattern (Modal + Verb (base form)) expresses possibility, necessity, and contingency.
The nine auxiliary modal verbs that can function as
modals are can, could, may, might, must, shall,
should, will, and would.
Examples:
-
The
shop will open.
-
They could swim.
-
She must come.
- Perfect pattern (Have + Participle)
Examples:
-
The
shop has opened.
-
The
parents have finally named the baby.
-
The
general had misled his troops.
- Progressive pattern (Be + Verb(-ing))
Examples:
-
The
student is alerting the teacher.
-
Our
neighbors were listening to loud
music.
-
Dare has been learning English for five
years.
- Passive Pattern (Be + Participle)
Examples:
-
Three
stealers are arrested.
-
The
crops were harvested last week.
-
The
house is painted by professionals.
- Operator (Do + Verb (base form))
Examples:
-
She doesn’t play tennis.
-
Mr.
Henry doesn’t read this book.
-
I do love her.
Verb tense
Some grammarians believe that tense must always be shown by the actual
form of the verb and in many languages, past and future are indicated by
changing in the verb forms.
English
really has just two tenses, the present and past, but future we use with forms.
(Future forms)
Examples:
-
I like
reading book. (Present tens)
-
The train arrives
at 9 o’clock. (present tense referring to future time)
-
Kanha went
to market. (past tense)
Definition:
The
word tense means time. We do not generally talk about the time of a verb, we
call it tense. There are three times at which action can take place. They are:
present, past, and future. If the sentence indicates past time, we say the verb
is in past, and if the sentence indicates present time, we say the verb is in
the present and if the sentence indicates future time, we say the verb in
future tense. Each of these tense is sub-divided to show the contentiousness or
completeness and also the time of the action.
Tense review
English tenses have
two elements of meaning: time and aspect.
Tense express:
(a) the
difference between present time and past time, and
(b) the
difference between real and unreal meaning.
Time
Is the action
present, past or future? Does it refer to all time?
It is
important to remember that time and tense are not always the same in English.
Present tenses often refer to the present time, but not always; similarly past
tenses do not always refer to past time.
-
Your plane leaves at 10.00 tomorrow morning. (Present tense form
referring to the future)
-
In
the book, the heroine goes back to her youth. (Present tense form
referring to the past)
-
I could come tomorrow, if you like. (Past tense form referring to the
future)
Aspect
The three aspects
add another layer of meaning to the action of the verb.
Continuous: The
action is seen as having duration.
Perfect: The action is seen as
completed before another time.
4 Verb forms:
Infinitive /
Base form/
V0
|
Present Simple/
V1
V + s/ es / ies
|
Past Simple/
V2
V + d/ ed/ ied
and irregular verbs
|
Past Participle/
V3
V + d/ ed/ ied
and irregular verbs
|
Present Participle/
V4
V+ ing
|
have
live
be
go
|
have / has
live / lives
am / is / are
go / goes
|
had
lived
was / were
went
|
had
lived
been / gone
gone
|
having
living
being
going
|
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